Composite sampling has been the industry standard for many years. It works well on the premise that all barrels in a lot contain about the same concentration of free SOâ‚‚. However, this assumption of homogeneity is far from reality, as revealed by data from our research and real-time measurements from the cellars.

It’s time to rethink whether composite sampling is good enough to control wine quality in our industry, where nature brings more unknowns and surprises to the process. 

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